Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Okun Andrea H[original query] |
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Investigating the Impact of Job Loss and Decreased Work Hours on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Guerin RJ , Barile JP , Thompson WW , McKnight-Eily L , Okun AH . J Occup Environ Med 2021 63 (9) e571-e579 OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between adverse changes in employment status and physical and mental health among US adults (more than or equal to 18 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data from participants (N = 2565) of a national Internet panel (June 2020) were assessed using path analyses to test associations between changes in self-reported employment status and hours worked and physical and mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Respondents who lost a job after March 1, 2020 (vs those who did not) reported more than twice the number of mentally unhealthy days. Women and those lacking social support had significantly worse physical and mental health outcomes. Participants in the lowest, pre-pandemic household income groups reported experiencing worse mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the importance of providing social and economic support services to US adults experiencing poor mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Theory-based Behavioral Predictors of Self-reported Use of Face Coverings in Public Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.
Barile JP , Guerin RJ , Fisher KA , Tian LH , Okun AH , Vanden Esschert KL , Jeffers A , Gurbaxani BM , Thompson WW , Prue CE . Ann Behav Med 2020 55 (1) 82-88 BACKGROUND: Investigating antecedents of behaviors, such as wearing face coverings, is critical for developing strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine associations between theory-based behavioral predictors of intention to wear a face covering and actual wearing of a face covering in public. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional panel survey of U.S. adults conducted in May and June 2020 (N = 1,004) were used to test a theory-based behavioral path model. We (a) examined predictors of intention to wear a face covering, (b) reported use of cloth face coverings, and (c) reported use of other face masks (e.g., a surgical mask or N95 respirator) in public. RESULTS: We found that being female, perceived importance of others wanting the respondent to wear a face covering, confidence to wear a face covering, and perceived importance of personal face covering use was positively associated with intention to wear a face covering in public. Intention to wear a face covering was positively associated with self-reported wearing of a cloth face covering if other people were observed wearing cloth face coverings in public at least "rarely" (aOR = 1.43), with stronger associations if they reported "sometimes" (aOR = 1.83), "often" (aOR = 2.32), or "always" (aOR = 2.96). For other types of face masks, a positive association between intention and behavior was only present when observing others wearing face masks "often" (aOR = 1.25) or "always" (aOR = 1.48). CONCLUSIONS: Intention to wear face coverings and observing other people wearing them are important behavioral predictors of adherence to the CDC recommendation to wear face coverings in public. |
Foundational workplace safety and health competencies for the emerging workforce
Okun Andrea H , Guerin Rebecca J , Schulte Paul A . J Safety Res 2016 59 43-51 Introduction Young workers (aged 15–24) suffer disproportionately from workplace injuries, with a nonfatal injury rate estimated to be two times higher than among workers age 25 or over. These workers make up approximately 9% of the U.S. workforce and studies have shown that nearly 80% of high school students work at some point during high school. Although young worker injuries are a pressing public health problem, the critical knowledge and skills needed to prepare youth for safe and healthy work are missing from most frameworks used to prepare the emerging U.S. workforce. Methods A framework of foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills (the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies) was developed. The framework was aligned with the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Core Competencies were mapped to the individual HBM constructs. Results The proposed NIOSH Core Competencies utilize the HBM to provide a framework for foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills. An examination of how these competencies and the HBM apply to actions that workers take to protect themselves is provided. The social and physical environments that influence these actions are also discussed. Conclusions The NIOSH 8 Core Competencies, aligned with one of the most widely used conceptual frameworks in health behavior practice, fill a critical gap in preparing the emerging U.S. workforce to be cognizant of workplace risks and to participate in, and benefit from, safe and healthy work. Practical applications Integration of the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies into school curricula is one way to ensure that every young person, before he or she enters the workforce, has the foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills to be cognizant of risks on the job and to participate in, and benefit from, safe and healthy work. |
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